Identity Server enters an infinite redirect loop when it's behind a reverse proxy

Overview:
Identity Server issues 302 for every resource requested, generating an infinite redirect loop

Solution:
The reason for this could be the reverse proxy not sending the request to the proper-case URL:
/identityserver/ vs.
/IdentityServer/

Verify that the reverse proxy rules so we are sure it will send the requests to the proper URL. This seems to be an IIS issue for ASP.NET applications:  http://serverfault.com/questions/466291/using-asp-net-mvc3-how-can-i-have-iis-not-redirect-302-on-case-sensitive-routin

This is not a problem or bug with the product.